Diclazepam

Diclazepam
Clinical data
Routes of; administration	Oral, sublingual
Legal status
Legal status	BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs); CA: Schedule IV; DE: Anlage II (Authorized trade only, not prescriptible); UK: Class C; US: Schedule I;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	Hepatic
Elimination half-life	~42 hours
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one;
CAS Number	2894-68-0 ;
PubChem CID	76168;
ChemSpider	68652;
UNII	070818R7PB;
KEGG	C22813 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30183138 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C16H12Cl2N2O
Molar mass	319.19 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(C3=C(Cl)C=CC=C3)=NCC1=O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H12Cl2N2O/c1-20-14-7-6-10(17)8-12(14)16(19-9-15(20)21)11-4-2-3-5-13(11)18/h2-8H,9H2,1H3; Key:VPAYQWRBBOGGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
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Diclazepam (Ro5-3448), also known as chlorodiazepam and 2'-chloro-diazepam, is a benzodiazepine and functional analog of diazepam. It was first synthesized by Leo Sternbach and his team at Hoffman-La Roche in 1960.^[3] It is not currently approved for use as a medication, but rather sold as an unscheduled substance.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Efficacy and safety have not been tested in humans.

In animal models, its effects are similar to diazepam, possessing long-acting anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant, and amnestic properties.^{[citation needed]}

^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
^ Moosmann B, Bisel P, Auwärter V (July–August 2014). "Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine diclazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 757–763. doi:10.1002/dta.1628. PMID 24604775.
^ US 3136815, "Amino substituted benzophenone oximes and derivatives thereof"
^ Pettersson Bergstrand M, Helander A, Hansson T, Beck O (April 2017). "Detectability of designer benzodiazepines in CEDIA, EMIT II Plus, HEIA, and KIMS II immunochemical screening assays". Drug Testing and Analysis. 9 (4): 640–645. doi:10.1002/dta.2003. PMID 27366870.
^ Høiseth G, Tuv SS, Karinen R (November 2016). "Blood concentrations of new designer benzodiazepines in forensic cases". Forensic Science International. 268: 35–38. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.006. PMID 27685473.
^ Manchester KR, Maskell PD, Waters L (March 2018). "Experimental versus theoretical log D_7.4 , pK_a and plasma protein binding values for benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (8): 1258–1269. doi:10.1002/dta.2387. PMID 29582576.
^ Manchester KR, Waters L, Haider S, Maskell PD (July 2022). "The blood-to-plasma ratio and predicted GABA_A-binding affinity of designer benzodiazepines". Forensic Toxicology. 40 (2): 349–356. doi:10.1007/s11419-022-00616-y. PMC 9715504. PMID 36454409. S2CID 247455284.

[1] Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.

[pmid24604775-2] Moosmann B, Bisel P, Auwärter V (July–August 2014). "Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine diclazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 757–763. doi:10.1002/dta.1628. PMID 24604775.

[3] US 3136815, "Amino substituted benzophenone oximes and derivatives thereof"

[4] Pettersson Bergstrand M, Helander A, Hansson T, Beck O (April 2017). "Detectability of designer benzodiazepines in CEDIA, EMIT II Plus, HEIA, and KIMS II immunochemical screening assays". Drug Testing and Analysis. 9 (4): 640–645. doi:10.1002/dta.2003. PMID 27366870.

[5] Høiseth G, Tuv SS, Karinen R (November 2016). "Blood concentrations of new designer benzodiazepines in forensic cases". Forensic Science International. 268: 35–38. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.006. PMID 27685473.

[6] Manchester KR, Maskell PD, Waters L (March 2018). "Experimental versus theoretical log D_7.4 , pK_a and plasma protein binding values for benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (8): 1258–1269. doi:10.1002/dta.2387. PMID 29582576.

[7] Manchester KR, Waters L, Haider S, Maskell PD (July 2022). "The blood-to-plasma ratio and predicted GABA_A-binding affinity of designer benzodiazepines". Forensic Toxicology. 40 (2): 349–356. doi:10.1007/s11419-022-00616-y. PMC 9715504. PMID 36454409. S2CID 247455284.

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Clinical data


Routes of administration	Oral, sublingual
Legal status
Legal status	BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs)^[1] CA: Schedule IV DE: Anlage II (Authorized trade only, not prescriptible) UK: Class C US: Schedule I
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	Hepatic
Elimination half-life	~42 hours^[2]
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
IUPAC name 7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
CAS Number	2894-68-0^Y
PubChem CID	76168
ChemSpider	68652
UNII	070818R7PB
KEGG	C22813^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30183138
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₆H₁₂Cl₂N₂O
Molar mass	319.19 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(C3=C(Cl)C=CC=C3)=NCC1=O
InChI InChI=1S/C16H12Cl2N2O/c1-20-14-7-6-10(17)8-12(14)16(19-9-15(20)21)11-4-2-3-5-13(11)18/h2-8H,9H2,1H3 Key:VPAYQWRBBOGGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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